I spend my time in Cameroon in three different locations, the capital city Yaoundé, Mbam et Djerem National Park to the North and the Dja Biosphere Reserve to the Southeast. There are different ways of getting around in each area, often related to the environment and climate of the area. Yaoundé is similar to other cities and the major modes of transportation are cars and motorbikes. There is no public bus system in Yaoundé, just taxi cabs. Around Mbam, transportation largely consists of car, motorbike and pirgues on the river. In the Dja, it is car and motorbike when it hasn't rained, and a four-wheel vehicle or walking when it's too wet.
People can use planes to travel to major cities, but it is expensive and most people use cheaper options. Small cars are common and you can buy a seat for 3,000 CFA ($7) to travel between cities but to make money drivers fit three people in the front and four in the back! That can make car travel very uncomfortable, and hot on the dusty roads when the windows are up. A taxi in the city is the same but only 200 CFA ($0.50) for short distances. For regions with good roads, there are large buses that are comfortable, but there are few regions with well-paved roads.
The train is one of the best ways to travel as it has sleeper cars that are very comfortable.
