In modern Taiwan, the main languages spoken are dialects of Chinese. The main dialect is Mandarin Chinese, which in Taiwan is called 國語 guóyǔ, or National Dialect. A significant portion of Taiwanese people also speak Taiwan’s traditional Chinese dialect, Taiwanese (台灣話 táiwānhuà). Taiwanese is a sub-dialect of Minnan dialect, originating from Southern Fujian Province across the coast in Mainland China. The majority of the original settlers in Taiwan came from this region. In third place, a minority of Taiwanese speak Hakka (客家話 kèjiāhuà), which originates from a minority people spread across Southern China. Lastly, a small minority of Taiwanese indigenous peoples from the 16 recognized indigenous tribes of Taiwan speak their own indigenous languages, which use a writing system based on the Latin alphabet.
Taiwan uses the New Taiwan Dollar, or NT$. NT$1 is worth approximately 3¢, so $1 is worth approximately NT$30. There are NT$1, NT$5, NT$10, and NT$50 coins, and NT$100, NT$500, and NT$1,000 bills. Every price is rounded to the nearest New Taiwan Dollar in Taiwan. Taiwanese coins are also a lot bigger than our coins in the US. Taiwan is still mostly a cash-based society. On a normal day, I can do all of my transactions in cash.
