The sole and official language in Thailand is Thai. Thai is actually mutually intelligible with Lao (the official language in Laos, a country neighboring Thailand). This means that people in Thailand and people in Laos can both speak in their own languages and still understand each other! I was surprised to hear this, and while I'm not sure exactly how that works, I think it's very cool.
The official currency of Thailand is the Thai baht (TBH). One Thai baht is equal to approximately 3.1 U.S. cents, or 0.031 U.S. dollars. Because of this, almost everything in Thailand costs several hundred baht. The best way I remember the currency conversion is that 100 Thai baht is about three U.S. dollars.
A bottle of water costs about 20 Thai baht, which seems expensive but is actually only about $0.60! Water bottles are very cheap here because everyone knows the tap water can make you sick. So, everyone drinks bottled water. Because it is so widely used and available, the water is cheaper!