Basalt columns are rock pillars often shaped like hexagons or pentagons. They can be found at many different locations in Iceland, but they are most commonly found where lava met the sea many years ago. Basalt columns form as a result of stress on the volcanic rock as it contracts while cooling.
Black sand beaches are found all over Iceland, and their unusual color is also created by volcanic activity. Black sand beaches form over time after a volcanic eruption has met the sea. When the lava cools down by the cold sea, it transforms into rock. These rocks are then worn down by the water and over time become the black sand that we see on the beaches today.
Geysers are another special geological feature in Iceland. Geysers form when water interacts with hot bedrock below the surface of the earth. When the water is being heated, it builds up pressure and creates steam. This pressure then gets released when the geyser erupts and starts the process all over again.
Iceland is a beautiful and unique place in the world! Many of its special features are affected by climate change. Has anything in your environment been affected by climate change?
